Kaibara Ekken (貝原 益軒, December 17, 1630 - October 5, 1714) or Ekiken, also known as Atsunobu (篤信) was a Japanese Neo-Confucianist philosopher and botanist.[1]
Kaibara was born into a family of advisors to the daimyo of Fukuoka Domain in Chikuzen Province (modern-day Fukuoka Prefecture). He accompanied his father to Edo in 1648, and was sent in 1649 to Nagasaki to study Western science. At his father's urging, he continued his studies in Nagasaki as a ronin from 1650 through 1656. He then re-entered service to Kuroda, which led to his continuing studies in Kyoto. After his father's death in 1665, he returned to Fukuoka.[2]
Kaibara's two most significant contributions to Japanese culture were the study of nature on based on a blend of Euroamerican natural science and Neo-Confucianism, and the translation of the abstruse and forbidding writings of Neo-Confucianism into vernacular Japanese.
Kaibara's science was confined to Biology and focused on the "natural law". Kaibara became as famous in Japan as people such as Charles Darwin when it came to science. He advanced the study of botany in Japan when he wrote Yamato honzō, which was a seminal study of Japanese plants. The Japanologist Philipp Franz von Siebold called him the "Aristotle of Japan."[2]
Kaibara was known for his manuals of behavior, such as changing his Confucian ethical system based on the teachings of Zhu Xi (also known as Chu Hsi) into an easy "self-help" manuals. As an educator and philosopher, it appears that Kaibara's main goal in life was to further the process of weaving Neo-Confucianism into Japanese culture. In this context, he is best known for such books as Precepts for Children and Greater Learning for Women (Onna daigaku); but modern scholarship argues that it was actually prepared by other hands. Although the genesis of the work remains unchallenged, the oldest extant copy (1733) ends with the lines "as related by our teacher Ekiken Kaibara" and the publisher's colophon states that the text was written from lectures of our teacher Kaibara."[3]
Contents |